The results and experiences from the first workshop were presented at the beginning. A key topic was the reliability of data transmission and the functionality of the trackers. The most cost-effective options are trackers from vehicle monitoring systems that transmit on existing mobile networks. If this is not possible, a dedicated network must be established. If there is no mobile network coverage at the location of a self-installed antenna, an off-grid solution can be used. Additional sensors could be operated with the dedicated network. For example, it could be used to record the water level in the well, the local weather conditions, and whether the pasture fences are functioning and gates are closed. The goal of all wireless networks is to ensure the most stable and energy-efficient data transmission possible from the pasture areas.
Another focus was on the analysis of recorded GPS data. Using so-called heatmaps , it can be visualized which areas of the pasture are being used most intensively by the animals. These spatial analyses provide valuable information for pasture management and also serve as documentation. Based on this data, grazing plans for the upcoming season can be created or adjusted to achieve more even use of the land and to specifically relieve pressure on sensitive areas. For guiding grazing animals in sensitive pasture areas, the virtual fence system from Gallagher presented. With this system, the animals have a GPS tracker that emits sounds when approaching the virtual fence line. If the animals ignore the sounds, they receive an electrical impulse as they continue to approach the fence line, which prompts them to turn back.
Furthermore, potential applications of the data were discussed. One approach concerns its use in tourism and visitor management. If grazing animals are near hiking trails, relevant information or rules of conduct for visitors could be displayed in a mobile app . Alternatively, alternative routes could be suggested for existing trails to avoid conflicts between grazing animals and recreational users.
The event included a group discussion divided into two groups . Group 1 served to connect participating research institutions with technology providers. Group 2, comprised of practitioners, consultants, and administrators, reflected on the technology from their perspective. Group 1 concluded that the technology is currently undergoing rapid development. Possibilities discussed a year ago are already being implemented today. Group 2 agreed that wider adoption is a natural progression. Although this is accompanied by some anxieties and concerns (e.g., liability issues), the development is perceived as an opportunity.
The workshop clearly demonstrated that pasture GPS offers great potential for modern, data-driven pasture management . Besides saving time searching for animals, it also opens up new opportunities for cooperation with other sectors such as tourism and nature conservation.
